Procedure Type
SurgicalProcedure Duration
1 - 3 HoursHospital Stay (Days)
1 - 3 daysHyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces excess thyroid hormones, leading to an overactive metabolism. This can cause symptoms like rapid heartbeat, weight loss, anxiety, tremors, heat intolerance, and irregular menstrual cycles. If left untreated, hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications such as heart rhythm disorders, osteoporosis, and in extreme cases, a life-threatening condition known as thyroid storm. Therefore, timely and effective treatment is essential to control hormone levels and prevent these complications.
Before beginning treatment, a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is confirmed through a combination of blood tests and imaging studies. Blood tests usually show elevated levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and a low level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Additional tests like radioactive iodine uptake scans or thyroid ultrasounds help determine the cause, such as Graves’ disease, toxic nodular goiter, or thyroiditis, guiding the appropriate treatment choice.
Treatment for hyperthyroidism typically includes antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, and sometimes surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the condition, its underlying cause, the patient’s age, and other health factors. Some people may begin with medication and eventually move to a more definitive treatment if needed, especially if symptoms persist or recur.
Antithyroid medications like methimazole or propylthiouracil work by blocking the thyroid gland’s ability to produce hormones. These drugs are commonly prescribed as a first-line treatment, particularly in mild to moderate cases and for those who cannot undergo radioactive iodine or surgery. They often help stabilize hormone levels within a few weeks, but treatment may need to continue for 12 to 18 months. Regular monitoring is essential, as these drugs can occasionally cause side effects like rash, liver issues, or a decrease in white blood cells.
PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR ENT
MBBS, MS - ENT, DNB - Otorhinolaryngology ENT/ Otorhinolaryngologist
Radioactive iodine therapy is a non-surgical treatment in which the patient swallows a small dose of radioactive iodine, which is absorbed by the thyroid gland. The iodine gradually destroys overactive thyroid cells, reducing hormone production. This treatment is highly effective and is often preferred in adults with Graves’ disease or toxic nodules. Over time, this treatment can lead to hypothyroidism, which then requires lifelong thyroid hormone replacement. Follow-up is important to assess hormone levels and manage the transition to normal thyroid function or hypothyroidism.
Surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland, called thyroidectomy, is usually reserved for patients who cannot tolerate medications or radioactive iodine, have a large goiter causing symptoms like difficulty breathing or swallowing, or have suspicious thyroid nodules. Surgery is generally safe when performed by experienced surgeons. After the operation, most patients need lifelong hormone replacement therapy since the gland is either partially or completely removed.
Graves’ disease, an autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism, is typically managed with antithyroid drugs initially. If symptoms persist or relapse after medication, radioactive iodine therapy is often considered. In some cases, eye complications related to Graves’ disease may require separate treatment, including steroids, radiation, or surgery. The treatment plan is customized to the individual, often requiring collaboration between endocrinologists and eye specialists.
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