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What is a Mastoidectomy?

A mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove infected or damaged portions of the mastoid bone, which is located just behind the ear. This bone contains air cells that connect to the middle ear, and when infections like chronic otitis media spread into these air cells, a mastoidectomy may be required to eliminate the infection and prevent further complications.

Why is Mastoidectomy Performed?

Mastoidectomy is primarily done to treat chronic ear infections that do not respond to antibiotics or other medical treatments. It may also be necessary to remove cholesteatomas, which are abnormal skin growths in the middle ear that can erode bone and damage nearby structures. In rare cases, it is performed to treat mastoiditis, a severe bacterial infection of the mastoid bone, or to provide access for cochlear implant surgery or other middle ear procedures.

How is Mastoidectomy Performed?

The procedure is typically carried out under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision behind the ear and uses a surgical drill to remove parts of the mastoid bone. The extent of bone removal depends on the severity of the infection or damage. The goal is to clear the infected air cells and preserve as much of the normal ear structures as possible. Depending on the case, the surgeon may also reconstruct parts of the ear or place a drainage tube.

What Happens After Mastoidectomy?

After surgery, patients are usually observed for a few hours or overnight in the hospital. Mild pain, drainage from the ear, and swelling are common in the first few days. The surgical site must be kept clean and dry, and follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor healing and ensure there are no signs of recurring infection. Hearing tests may also be performed to assess any impact on auditory function.

What Are the Benefits of Mastoidectomy?

Mastoidectomy can effectively eliminate chronic infections, relieve pain and discharge from the ear, and prevent serious complications like hearing loss, facial nerve paralysis, or brain infections. It can also improve hearing if the procedure is combined with reconstructive techniques in the middle ear.