What is Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)?
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, commonly known as FESS, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure designed to restore normal drainage of the sinuses. By using a small camera called an endoscope inserted through the nostrils, surgeons can view and remove obstructions such as inflamed tissue, polyps, or bone without making any external incisions. This procedure is ideal for patients with chronic sinusitis who do not respond to conventional medical treatment.
Why is FESS recommended over traditional sinus surgery?
FESS has revolutionized sinus surgery by eliminating the need for external cuts, resulting in less pain, reduced scarring, and faster recovery. Unlike traditional surgeries, which often involve more invasive techniques, FESS targets only the affected areas, preserving normal anatomy and allowing for more accurate treatment of the sinuses with minimal trauma to surrounding tissues.
Who is a good candidate for FESS?
Patients who suffer from chronic or recurrent sinus infections, nasal polyps, or conditions such as allergic fungal sinusitis or sinus-related headaches may be suitable candidates for FESS. The surgery is especially recommended when medical therapy—including decongestants, nasal sprays, and antibiotics—fails to offer long-term relief.
What happens before the surgery?
Before undergoing FESS, patients typically undergo a detailed consultation and diagnostic imaging, such as a CT scan, to assess the extent of sinus blockage. The doctor will evaluate the patient's medical history, current symptoms, and previous treatments. Preoperative instructions, such as discontinuing certain medications or fasting before surgery, may also be given.
How is FESS performed?
During the procedure, an endoscope is gently inserted through the nasal passage to visualize the sinus openings. The surgeon uses specialized micro-instruments to remove obstructions or diseased tissue that hinder drainage. The operation generally takes one to three hours and is performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity and the patient’s health condition.
Is the surgery painful?
Most patients report minimal discomfort during and after FESS. Since the surgery is done endoscopically and there are no external incisions, pain is typically mild and manageable with over-the-counter or prescribed pain medications. Nasal congestion or a sense of fullness in the nose may be experienced in the first few days post-surgery.
