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What Are Fertility Surgeries?

Fertility surgeries are specialized procedures aimed at correcting anatomical or structural issues in the reproductive system that may be causing infertility in men or women. These surgeries can help enhance the chances of natural conception or improve the success rate of assisted reproductive technologies like IVF. Performed by reproductive surgeons or gynecologists, these procedures address conditions like blocked fallopian tubes, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, varicocele, or sperm blockages.

Who Might Need Fertility Surgery?

Fertility surgery may be recommended for individuals or couples who have been trying to conceive for over a year without success and are diagnosed with a treatable anatomical cause. Women with uterine abnormalities, endometriosis, fibroids, or pelvic adhesions may benefit from surgery. In men, surgery may be indicated for conditions like varicoceles, ejaculatory duct obstructions, or vas deferens blockage. A thorough fertility evaluation usually determines whether surgical intervention is necessary.

What Are Common Types of Fertility Surgeries for Women?

Women may undergo several types of fertility-related procedures. Laparoscopy is commonly used to diagnose and treat endometriosis, ovarian cysts, or pelvic adhesions. Hysteroscopic surgery is used to remove polyps, fibroids, or correct a uterine septum. Tubal surgeries such as tuboplasty can restore the patency of blocked fallopian tubes. Myomectomy may be performed to remove fibroids that interfere with implantation or pregnancy. These surgeries are usually minimally invasive, allowing quicker recovery.

What Are Common Fertility Surgeries for Men?

For male infertility, procedures like varicocelectomy are used to treat enlarged veins in the scrotum, which can affect sperm production and quality. Surgical sperm retrieval methods like TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) or PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) are done when there is no sperm in the ejaculate due to a blockage or non-obstructive azoospermia. Vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy are reversal procedures for previous vasectomies.

Is Fertility Surgery Painful or Risky?

Modern fertility surgeries, especially those done using minimally invasive techniques like laparoscopy or hysteroscopy, are generally safe with minimal discomfort. Most patients report mild to moderate pain post-procedure, which is usually well-managed with medication. Risks, while rare, may include infection, internal bleeding, or damage to nearby organs. Overall, the safety profile is excellent when performed by experienced surgeons in accredited centers.