Procedure Type
SurgicalProcedure Duration
3-4 hoursHospital Stay (Days)
5 - 7 daysA kidney transplant is a surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is placed into a person whose kidneys are no longer functioning properly. This procedure is typically recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where the kidneys have lost nearly all ability to function. Instead of continuing dialysis, a kidney transplant offers the chance for a longer, healthier life with improved quality.
A kidney transplant is necessary when chronic kidney disease progresses to the point where the kidneys can no longer filter waste and fluids from the blood effectively. Common causes leading to this stage include diabetes, high blood pressure, polycystic kidney disease, and autoimmune disorders. When dialysis becomes a long-term necessity, a transplant is often considered the best treatment option to restore kidney function and enhance overall well-being.
The donor kidney can come from either a living donor, such as a family member or close friend, or a deceased donor. Matching is based on blood type, tissue compatibility, and cross-matching tests to reduce the risk of rejection. A closer match typically results in better outcomes and less need for immunosuppressive medications. Living donor transplants often have better long-term success rates, and the donor can live a normal, healthy life with one kidney.
The surgery is performed under general anesthesia and usually takes about three to four hours. The new kidney is placed in the lower abdomen, and its blood vessels are connected to the recipient’s iliac vessels. The ureter, which carries urine, is attached to the bladder. The patient’s own nonfunctioning kidneys are usually left in place unless they pose a risk of infection or complications. Once the new kidney is connected, it often begins producing urine almost immediately.
Chief - Medical Services & Chairperson - Nephrology
Chief - Nephrology (Unit II)
SENIOR DIRECTOR & HOD NEPHROLOGY & RENAL TRANSPLANT
Recovery after a kidney transplant typically begins in the hospital and lasts several weeks. Patients are closely monitored for any signs of infection, bleeding, or rejection. Most people can return home within a week after surgery, but full recovery may take up to three months. It’s essential to take prescribed medications, especially immunosuppressants, exactly as directed to prevent the immune system from attacking the new kidney.
Although kidney transplants are generally safe and successful, there are risks associated with any major surgery. These include infection, blood clots, organ rejection, and side effects from anti-rejection medications. Long-term use of immunosuppressants can increase the risk of infections and certain cancers. However, the benefits of a successful transplant usually far outweigh the risks, particularly when compared to a lifetime on dialysis.
The lifespan of a transplanted kidney varies, but with proper care and regular monitoring, a kidney from a living donor can last 15 to 20 years or more, while kidneys from deceased donors typically function for 10 to 15 years. After this time, if the kidney begins to fail, the recipient may return to dialysis or be considered for another transplant.
After a kidney transplant, patients must commit to a healthy lifestyle to protect their new kidney. This includes following a balanced diet, maintaining a stable weight, staying hydrated, avoiding tobacco, and attending regular medical check-ups. Medications must be taken daily, and patients should remain vigilant for signs of infection or rejection. Staying informed and proactive helps ensure the best long-term outcomes.
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