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Understanding PCNL: A Modern Solution for Kidney Stones

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a specialized surgical technique designed to remove large or irregularly shaped kidney stones. It is typically recommended when other treatments like medication or shock wave therapy are ineffective. By using a minimally invasive approach, PCNL allows direct access to the kidney through a small incision, offering faster recovery and high success rates.

Initial Assessment and Patient Preparation

Before performing PCNL, the medical team conducts a thorough evaluation that includes imaging tests such as CT scans or ultrasounds to determine the stone’s size, position, and structure. Blood and urine tests are also carried out to check kidney function and rule out infections. Patients may receive antibiotics in advance to prevent postoperative complications.

How the Procedure Is Performed

During PCNL, the patient is placed under general anesthesia. A small cut is made in the back, and a needle is passed into the kidney using ultrasound or X-ray guidance. A thin tube (nephroscope) is inserted through the tract to locate and break the stone using laser or ultrasonic energy. The pieces are then removed with special tools, and a temporary drainage tube may be left in place.