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What Is Dental Bone Grafting?

Dental bone grafting is a surgical procedure that adds or replaces bone in the jaw to enhance its structure and strength. This treatment is often necessary when the jawbone is too weak or thin to support dental implants, or when bone loss has occurred due to periodontal disease, trauma, or tooth extraction. The graft helps regenerate lost bone and supports the long-term stability of the surrounding oral structures.

Why Might I Need a Bone Graft?

You may need a bone graft if you’ve experienced bone loss in your jaw, which can result from gum disease, aging, prolonged tooth loss, or injury. In most cases, bone grafting is recommended to prepare the jaw for dental implants. Without sufficient bone density and volume, implants may not integrate properly, increasing the risk of failure. Bone grafting restores the lost structure, allowing for successful placement of implants or maintaining facial aesthetics.

How Is a Dental Bone Graft Performed?

The bone grafting procedure is typically done under local anesthesia. A small incision is made in the gum to expose the area needing augmentation. The bone graft material—either synthetic or natural—is placed in the targeted area. Once positioned, the area is closed with sutures and allowed to heal. Over time, the body integrates the graft, creating new bone in the site.

What Types of Bone Grafts Are Used?

Dental bone grafts can be categorized based on their source. An autograft uses bone from your own body (usually from the chin or hip), an allograft uses processed bone from a human donor, an xenograft uses bone from animals (commonly bovine), and an alloplast uses synthetic materials. The choice depends on the amount of bone needed, patient preferences, and the dentist’s recommendation.